A - Azimuth - .

ACS - 1. Automated Cartographic System - , , . CAM (2), AMS; - 2. Advanced Cartographic System - .

A/D - Analog/Digital - -.

ADF - Automatic Direction Finding - .

ADR - Analog Digital Recorder - - .

ADRG - ARC (Arc second Raster Chart/map) Digitized Raster Graphics CD-ROM, -: . ISO 8211, . RGB- 24 . ADRG 14 000 1 : 50 000 1 : 5 000 000. ERDAS, ARC/INFO 7.0, -.

ADRI - ARC Digital Raster Imagery , ADRG, , DTED I. ADRI , Zone Distribution Rectangles (ZDR) 1' * 1', ARC .

AI - Artificial Intelligence - .

AM/FM - Automated Mapping/Facilities Management , (, , - ).

AMS - Automated Mapping System - , , . ACS (1), CAM (2).

ANSI - American National Standards Institute , , , , ( ) . ISO IEC.

ARC - Arc second Raster Chart/map , DMA ADRI.

ARCE - ARC/INFO Interchange (xport) format ESRI Inc. ARC/INFO . , ARC/INFO, . . .

ARCG - ARC/INFO Generate format ESRI Inc. ARC/INFO, - . TIN.

AS - Anti Spoofing - P- Y-.

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange , 128 . ANSI.

AS/NZS 4270 - Australian/New Zealand Standard on Spatial Data Transfer , . SDTS , .

ASDTS - Australian Spatial Data Transfer Standard SDTS, . , , . . ISO 8211.

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials , SGML (Standard Graphics Markup Language), SDTS.

AT - Atomic Time - .

ATKIS - Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches Informationssysteme - - - (de facto ) - , (AdV). - .

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer , TIROS-1 NOAA. 5 : 580-680, 725-1100, 3550-3930, 10500-11500 11500-12500 . 4 5 . 1100 , - 10 (1024 ), 2700 .

AZM - AZiMuth - .

AZRAN - AZimuth and RANge - .

BBS - Bulletin Board System - , , , . .

BIL - Band Interleaved by Line . , ( BIP) .

BIP - Band Interleaved by Pixel . , c ( BIL).

BMP - BitMaP, bit map, bitmap, . DIB - , , Microsoft. Windows OS/2. BMP 1, 4, 8 24 . 2, 16, 256 16 . 4- 8- RLE.

BPI - Bits Per Inch - .

BPS - Bits Per Second - .

BSQ - Band interleaved SeQuential , 9- 8- CD-ROM. ASCII-, , , , . , . EOF, .

C/A-code - Coarse Aquisition - , Clear Access - , Clear Aquisition - , S - , . PRN.

CAD - 1. Computer-Aided Design ; (); - 2. Computer-Aided Drafting , .

CADD - Computer-Aided Design and Drafting ( ).

CAD/CAM - Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing .

CAM - 1. Computer-Aided Manufacturing , , ; - 2. Computer-Aided Mapping , , . ACS (1), AMS.

CASE - Computer-Aided Software Engineering - , CASE- .

CBS - Community Base Station - .

CC - Configuration of Constellation - .

CCRS - Conventional Celestial Reference System - .

CCOGIF - Canadian Council on Geomatics Interchange Format (National Topographic Data Base /La Base nationale de donnees topographiques, NTDB/ BNDT) , Geomatics Canada. . , CRN (Canadian Road Network) NTDB.

CD - Compact Disk - - () , ; CD-ROM; CD-R (Compact Disk-Recordable) - .-. ; CD-I (Compact Disk-Interactive) - .-. , , Philips Sony; CD-ROM XA (CD-ROM eXtended Architecture) - .-. .

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access - (GPS) .

CD-ROM - Compact Disk Read Only Memory - - 5.25 ( 650 ). ISO 9660 (Information Processing-Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange). , , , , , .

CEN - Committee Europeen de Normalization electronigue (European Standardization Organization) - () , ; ISO.

CEP - Circular Error Probable - .

CFF - Cartographic Feature File , (U.S. Forest Service, Geometronics Service Center) PBS (USFS Primary Base Series). CFF 0.005", .

CGA - Color Graphics Adapter - 640 * 200 , 16 () 4 ().

CGM - Computer Graphics Metafile - ANSI/ISO 8632, ANSI - .

CGS - Civil GPS Service - GPS.

CGSIC - Civil GPS Service Interface Committee - GPS.

CIGNET- Cooperative International GPS NETwork - GPS.

CIO - Conventional International Origin - .

CMEAS - Continous Measurements - .

CMYK - Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, BlacK - --- (CMYK-) ( , , ), CMY- "" ( ) .

COGO - Coordinate Geometry - , ; .

CORBA - Common Object Request Brokerage Architecture , 200 - , .

CORINE - Co-ORdinated INformation on the (European) Environment , . - - ( , ).

CORS - Continously Operating (GPS) Reference Station - (GPS).

COSPAR - COmmitee of SPAce Research - .

CPI - Characters Per Inch - .

CPU - Central Processing Unit - .

CRT - Cathode Ray Tube - - , .

CSSM - Content Standards for Spatial Metadata , FGDC . , , , , , .

CSTG - Coordination of Space Techniques for Geodesy and geodynamics - .

CTG - Composite Theme Grid , . LULC USGS. .

CTRS - Conventional Terrestrial Reference System - .

DB - Data Base, Database - , .

DBMS - Data Base Management System - , .

DCW - Digital Chart of the World, DCW/VPF - - 1 : 1 000 000 ONC ( ) GEBCO ( ) ESRI Inc. () VPF. , -. CD-ROM . , DCW ESRI Inc. ARC/INFO CD-ROM, Microsoft Encarta CD-ROM.

DD - Double Difference - () , . SD, TD.

DDE - Dynamic Data Exchange - Windows OS/2 - , .

DEM - Digital Elevation Model(s) 1. , , . DTM, DTED; - 2 - . , . DEM 5 DMA, , (7.5' * 7.5', 15' * 15', 30' * 30' 1 * 1 ), , . DEM , , -, . DEM SDTS SDTS .

DEMTS - Digital Electronic Maps Transfer Standard , 29 . , , . , . . . , , , .

DFAD - Digital Feature Analysis Data , . . . 130 , 10-46 . 1 : 200 000 1 : 250 000. . DFAD 1 DFAD 2, . DFAD DTED , .

DFR - Dual Frequency Receiver - .

DFT - Data Interchange Standard for Cadastral Mapping , (Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture National Land Offices and Mapping Department). - . , .

DGIWG - Digital Geographic Information Working Group - , DIGEST.

DGLONASS - Differential GLONASS - .

DGM - Digital Geospatial Metadata , (FGDC).

DGPS - Differential GPS - GPS.

DIGEST - Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard , (DGIWG). . . . , , , - , . ISO 8211. VPF.

DIME - Dual Independent Map Encoding system, . GBF/DIME (United States Bureau of the Census), 1980- . , . , . TIGER.

DIRES - Differential Reference Station - - DGPS.

DLG - Digital Line Graph , 1980 . , , , , . . , . 3 , 1 : 24 000, 1 : 100 000 1 : 2 000 000. . DLG SDTS.

DLG-E - Digital Line Graph-Enhanced DLG.

DLMS - Digital LandMass System , DFAD DTED.

DMA - Defense Mapping Agency - .

DOQ - Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle, . DOQQ () . () BIL BIP 8 . , -, , , . , JPEG. DOQ , DLG . , , DLG DEM, .

DOQQ - Digital Orthophoto Quarter-Quadrangle - . DOQ.

DOS - Disk Operating System - , , . MS-DOS Microsoft.

DPI - Dots Per Inch - .

DSM - Digital Surface Model - ( , ""), - . .

DTED - Digital Terrain Elevation Data , . 16 . .

DTM - Digital Terrain Mode - 1. , , . DEM (1), DTED; - 2. , .

DWF - Drawing Web Format Autodesk Inc., 2- . WHIP! Autodesk Inc. AutoCAD.

DX90 - (Specifications for the Exchange of Digital Hydrographic Data - 1990) - S57.

DXB - Drawing Interchange (eXchange) Binary , DXF Autodesk Inc., . . 13 AutoCAD.

DXF - Drawing Interchange (eXchange) Format Autodesk Inc., . , . 13. , . .

E90 - Earth system, 1990 - -90, 1990.

ECDB - Electronic Chart Data Base , (IHO).

ED - European Datum - .

EDIFACT - Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce and Transport - , ISO 9735-1987.

EDIGEO - Echange de Donnees Informatisees Geographiques , , , . . (Association Francaise de Normalisation, AFNOR).

EDM - Electromagnetic (Electronic) Measurement - () .

EGA - Enhanced Graphics Adapter - 640 * 350 , 8 () 16 () 64- .

EGM - Earth Gravitational Model - .

E-mail - Electronic mail - , , .

EPS - Encapsulated PostScript - () PostScript PostScript .

EPPL7 - Environmenal Planning and Programming Language, release 7 EPPL7. (Land Management Information Center, LMIC), . , . .

ERDAS - Earth Resources Data Analysis System , ERDAS Inc. .

ERP - Earth Rotation and Polar - .

ERS - European Resource Satellite . , , 30 , 26.3 - , 100 .

ESA - European Space Agency - .

ETRS - European Terrestrial Reference System - .

EUREF - European Reference Frame - .

EUROGI - European GIS Umbrella Organisation - , 1993 . -. EGII.

FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access - (, GLONASS) .

FFT - Fast Fourier Transform - .

FGDC - Federal Geographic Data Committee - , , , ; (SDTS) ( CSSM), , NSDI.

FICCDC - Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee on Digital Cartography - , .

FIPS - Federal Information Processing Standard(s) - , ( , SDTS FIPS 173). (NIST).

FLOPS - Floating-point OPerations per Second - () , FLOPS (MFLOPS).

FTP - File Transfer Protocol, ftp - TCP/IP, , .

GAST - Greenwich Apparent Sideral Time - .

GBF/DIME - Geographic Base File/Dual Independant Map Encoding - . GBG/DIME.

GCP - Ground Control Point - .

GDF - Geographic Data File CEN TC278 WG VII, . Philips Bosch, . CEN 287. , , .

GDOP - Geometric Dilution of Precision - , . , HDOP, HTDOP, PDOP, VDOP, TDOP

GEBCO - General Bathimetric Chart of the Oceans - () .

GELOP - Geometric Line of Position - , . LOP.

GEMS - Global Environmental Monitoring System - , , . GRID.

GeoTIFF - Tagged Image File Format, . DRG TIFF, , . (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) NASA. 1.0, 1995 ., TIFF 6.0. . -. , ; , , .

GIC - GPS Integrity Channel - GPS.

GIF - Graphics Interchange Format - CompuServe . CompuServe Inc. 24- , RGB 256 , . 64 000 * 64 000 . LZW. , , .

GINA - GeoVision's General Interchange and Archive Format .

GIRAS - Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis data files , LULC. . . , . , , , ..

GIS - Geographical Information System - , .

GKS - Graphical Kernel System - , /. GKS , - ; .

GLONASS - , , . .

GMS - Ground Monitoring Segment - () GPS.

GMST - Greenwich Mean Sideral Time - .

GMT - Greenwich Mean Time - .

GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite System - .

GPPS - Global Positioning Postprocessing Software - GPS .

GPS - Global Positioning System - , . .

GPST - GPS Time - GPS.

GRIB - GRIdded Binary (GRid in Binary) protocol . (World Meteorological Organization). , , (, , , ..).

GRID - Global Resource Information Database - - , , (GEMS) .

GRS-80 - Geodetic Reference System, 1980 - 1980 . .

GT - Geodetic Triangulation - , . .

H - Horizontal - , .

HAINS - High Accuracy Inertial Navigation System - , . INS.

HDOP - Horizontal Dilution of Precision - , . . , GDOP, HTDOP, PDOP, VDOP, TDOP

HFA - Hierarchical File Architecture - ERDAS Inc., ERDAS IMAGINE. . MIF ERDAS IMAGINE.

HPGL - Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language - Hewlett-Packard , .

HPPS - High Precision Positioning Service - .

HSI - Hue/Saturation/Brightness - () -- ( ), () ( ); RGB- CMYK-.

HTDOP - Horizontal and Time Dilution of Precision - , . , GDOP, HDOP, PDOP, VDOP, TDOP

HTML - HyperText Markup Language - , - (teg), - WWW. (, , ..) , : WWW - , .. HTML SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language - ), (ISO) ISO-8879 1986 . 1997 . W3 Consortium, 150 , HTML 3.2. -, 50 ; HTML . HTML -. , HTML.

HTTP - HyperText Transfer (Transport) Protocol - , , TCP/IP. " " WWW, : , , .

IAG - International Association of Geodesy - , .

IAU - International Astronomical Union - , .

IAT - International Atomic Time - .

IBIS - Image-Based Information System file format ( ), IBIS, -. (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) (Multimission Image Processing Laboratory) NASA. , , . . VICAR.

ICA - International Cartographic Association - ,  , ACI (Associacion Cartographique Internationale).

ICRF - IERS Celestial Reference Frame - IERS .

ICSU - International Council of Scientific Unions - , , , .

IEC - International Electro-technical Commission - , , , , , ISO.

IEF91 - Israel Exchange Format , (Survey of Israel).

IERS - International Earth Rotation Service - .

IFIP - International Federation for Information Processing - , .

IGES - Initial (International) Graphics Exchange Standard (Specification) - , (NIST). .

IGN(-F) - Institut Geographique National (of France) - , , (BDTopo BD Carto), , .

IGS - International GPS Geodinamics Service - GPS.

IGU - International Geographic Union - , , 1922 .

IHB - International Hydrographic Bureau - (IHO), IHO, - .

IHO - International Hydrographic Organisation - , , . .

IMW - International Map of the World on the million scale - 1 :1 000 000 , .

INS - Inertial Navigation System - INS GPS, 3- , . , L1 L2.

INTERLIS - Data Exchange Mechanism for Land Information Systems , , (Swiss Directorate of Cadastral Surveying). . . .

IRON - Inter Range Operational Number - GPS.

ISFF - Intergraph Standard File Formats Intergraph DGN, IGDS (Interactive Graphics Design System), Microstation. 1990 ., 1994 . , . . .

ISO - International Standards Organization - , , , . 1946 ., - .

ISO 8211 Information processing - Specification for data descriptive file for information interchange ISO 8211. 1985 . (SDTS, NTF, S-57, ADRG, ASDTS, DIGEST ) . ISO 8211 - , , . , . , ( ) . , . , - . ISO 8211 . , , , . ISO 8211 , . 3 : , , , . , , (DDR) , (DR). (header) , . (DDR) , , ( ).

ISU - International System of Unites - .

ITC - International Training Centre - (Institute for Areal Survey and Earth Sciences) (. ), , , , , .

ITRF - IERS Terrestrial Reference Frame - IERS .

IUGG - International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics - , .

JD - Julian Date - .

JERS - Japanese Earth Resources Satellite - (FUYO-1). 18 75 . , .

JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group - - , JPEG () DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). 1991 . JPEG . JPEG JFIF JPEG-TIFF. BMP. 16 32 . , . . .

K - Kilobyte, KB - , . .

L1, L2 - L-band GPS carrier frequency - GPS L1=1575,42 , L2=1227,6 .

LAN - Local Area Network - () , .

Landsat - . .

Landsat MSS - . .

Landsat TM - . .

LCD - Liquid-Cristal Display - , - , - (), . - .

LED - Light-Emissing Diode - ,  , .

LFC - Large Format Camera - , .

LFO - Local Frequency Oscillator - , . LO.

LIS - Land Information System, . , .

L/L, LAT/LON - Lattitude/Longitude - /.

LMIC - Land Management Information Center - - EPPL7, LMIC (. , ).

LO - Local Oscillator - , . LFO.

LOP - Line of Position - . , GELOP.

LPI - Lines Per Inch - .

LULC - Land Use and Land Cover file , , ESIC. 1 : 100 000 1 : 250 000. , , .

LZW - Lampel-Ziw-Welch - -- , (, c) , GIF TIFF.

M - Megabyte, MB - , . .

MACDIF - Map and Chart Data Interchange , . (), , , .

MAGR - Miniaturized Airborne GPS Receiver - GPS .

MAN - 1. Metropolitan Area Network - () , ; , , () ; - 2. Medium Area Network - , ( ).

MB - MegaByte, M - , . .

MBR - Minimum Bounding Rectangle, . MER - ,  , ( ) , , ; .

MCS - Master Control Station - GPS.

MER - Minimum Enclosing Rectangle, . . MBR.

Meteosat , (S) . -.

MIADS - Map Information Assembly Display , (USDA Soil Conservation Service). . . ARC/INFO.

MIDI - Musical Instruments Digital Interface - .

MIF - Machine Independent Format - - - ERDAS Inc., ERDAS IMAGINE.

MIF/MID - MapInfo Data Interchange Format MapInfo Corp., MapInfo . , , . . (, ..).

MIM - Map Image Metafile , (4.2) 1996 . , . (, .) ( , .)

MIPS - Million of Instructions per Second, mips - () , .

MOEP - Ministry of Environment and Parks/Digital Map Data Format , (Ministry of Environment and Parks) . , .

MOSS - Map Overlay and Statistical System export file - MOSS , . 30 . (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management).

MPEG - Moving Pictures Expert Group - () DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) /. . , , . . (), .

MPC - Multimedia Personal Computer - , , , , , , CD-ROM, , MIDI- Windows.

MS - Monitor Station - GPS.

MSL - Mean Sea Level - .

MSS - MultiSpectral Scanner (Multispectral Scanning System) - , , . .

MST - Moscow Standard Time - .

NAD - Nort American Datum - .

NAD-27 - Nort American Datum - 1927 ? 1866 . Meales Ranch, Kansas.

NAD-83 - Nort American Datum - 1983 ? WGS-84, GRS-80.

NANU - Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR - NAVSTAR.

NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - , .

NAVD29 - North American Vertical Datum - 1929.

NAVD88 - North American Vertical Datum - 1988.

NAVSAT - NAVigation SATellite - .

NAVSTAR - Navigation Satellite Timing nd Ranging, . GPS.

NBS - National Bureau of Standards - NIST.

NDGDF - National Digital Geospatial Data Framework - " ".

NES - National Standard for the Exchange of Digital Geo-referenced Information , - (South African National Land Information Services). .

NGRC - National Geodetic Reterence System - .

NGS - National Geodetic Survey - ().

NGVD-29 - National Geodetic Vertical Datum, 1929.

NICCa - Norma de Intercambio de Cartografia Catastral (1 : 500, 1 : 1 000, 1 : 5 000) (National Sistema de Informacion Geografica Catastral, SIGCA). (Centro de Gestion Catastral Spain).

NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology - NBS (National Bureau of Standards), FIPS.

NMAS - National Map Accuracy Standards .

NMEA - National Marine Electronic Association - z GPS .

NNSS - Navy Navigation Satellite System - , . TRANSIT.

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - 1. , , . - 2. . 98,89 , , . AVHRR.

NOSO - NAVSTAR Operation Support Office - NAVSTAR.

NOTIGEO - Norma de Trasferencia de Informacion Geografica - (1 : 25 000, 1 : 1 000 000), (Instituto Geografical Nacional). .

NSDI - National Spatial Data Infrastructure - (Information Superhighway). (FGDC) NDGDF.

NSRS - National Spatial Reference System - z GPS.

NTAD - National Transportation Atlas Data Bases (U.S. Department of Transportation).

NTF - National (Neutral) Transfer Format (British Standard BS 7567), . (Working Party to Produce National Standards for the Transfer of Digital Map Data). (OS). , . , . , , , de facto, , .

OCR - Optical Character Recognition - , , .

OCS - Operational Control System (Control Segment) - GPS, .. .

OGIS - Open Geodata Interoperability Specification Open Geodata Consortium, , . CORBA. (, , , ), . , ; . , .

OLE - Object Linking and Embedding - () , Microsoft. OLE- , , , ..

ONC - Operational Navigation Chart () 1 : 1 000 000 (DMA, ); DCW.

OPNET - OPeration NETwork - NNSS.

OS - 1. Ordnance Survey - - ; - 2. Operating System - , .

PADS - Positioning and Azimuth Determining System - (), , ; .

P/B/D - Place/Bearing/Distance - //.

PC - Personal Computer - , , , .

PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International (Interface) Association - () () -, , .

P-code - Precision/Protected code - GPS , . PRN.

PCX , Zsoft Corporation. (24- ), , 256 , 24- RGB, 64 000 * 64 000 . CMYK- HSI-, . . , , -.

PDA - Personal Digital Assistant - , , - - ( ) () (OCR). , . , - , Windows for Pen Computing .

PDOP - Position Dilution Of Precision - , . . , GDOP, HDOP, HTDOP, VDOP, TDOP

PIC - Picture Image Compression - () , Lotus Development Corp.

PLGR - Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver - GPS.

PN - Pseudo Noise - ,

POPS - Post Processing Software - .

POS - Position - .

PostScript , , Adobe Systems. de facto . , EPS.

ppm - parts per million - : 1 ppm - 1 1 .

PPS - Precise Positioning Service - , . L1, L2 P-.

PRN - Pseudo Random Noise - (), . , . C/A- , P-, S-code, .

PS - Power Supply - .

QA - Quality Assurance - .

QC - Quality Control - .

QI - Quality Improvement - .

QP - Quality Planning - , .

R - Range - .

RAIM - Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring .

RAM - Random Access Memory - , , .

RDBMS - Relational DataBase Management System, Relational DBMS, RDBMS - , .

RGB - Red-Green-Blue - , , (RGB-, RGB-), .

RINEX - Receiver Independent Exchange Format GPS-, , (Astronomical Institute of the University of Berne) EUREF 89, . EUREF (, 1995) . 3 : Observation Data File, Navigation Message File, Meteorological Data File. : , , , , ..

RLE - Run-Length Encoding - .

RM - RangeMeter - .

RMSE - Root Mean Square Error - ().

ROM - Read Only Memory - , .

RPF - Raster Product Format (CADRG - Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics) , . .

RS - Remote Sensing - .

RTDGPS - Real Time DGPS - DGPS .

RTK - Real Time Kinematics - .

RTCM - Radio Technical Comission for Maritime Services - SC-104, , DGPS, RTCM SC-104.

S - Satellite - .

S57 - (IHO Transfer Standard for digital hydrographic data (Special publication No. 57)) - DX90 (IHO), . , . , .

SA - Selective Availability - , GPS.

SAIF - Spatial Archive and Interchange Format , . . , (Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Crown Lands). , -. . , , , , .

SAR - Synthetic Aperture Radar - , .

SARSAT - Save And Ranging SATellite - .

SAS - Statistical Analysis System - - , SAS Institute Inc.

S-code - Standard code - , . C/A-code, . PRN.

SD - Single-Difference - () , . , DD, TD.

SDTS - Spatial Data Transfer Standard (Specification) - () FIPS 173. 29 1992 . SDTS . , , . . , , . SDTS , . : , . , 34 , , , 5 : , , , . ISO 8211. , . SDTS CSSM. , , . , SDTS , , . , , , , . RGB CMYK . , , , , . SDTS , (), . (Topological Vector Profile TVP), .

Seasat - , , , . , , . . 1978 ., , .

SGS - Satellite Geodetic System - , . .

SI - System International - .

SIF - Standard Interchange Format - . , , .

SL - Sea Level - .

SLF - Spatial Load Format , Oracle SDO. Oracle Corp.

SLS - Sea Level Surface - .

S/N - Signal/Noise - /.

SNR - Signal to Noise Ratio - / , , ; GPS .

SOSI - Samordnet Opplegg for Stedfestet Informasjon (ISBN 82-90408-72-2), . (Norwegian Mapping Authority). , , .

SPDFDM - Standard Procedure and Data Format for Digital Mapping , , . () (Japanese Geographical Survey Institute) , .

SPOT - Satellite Probatoire pour l'Observation de la Terre (Systeme pour l'Observation de la Terre), Spot , . .

SPS - Standard Positioning Service - C/A-, GPS.

SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Science - , , , - SAS Systat.

SQL - Structured Query Language - , "-". .

SQL/MM - Structured Query Language, MultiMedia Extention , SQL. ISO 1993 . , -. . , , , ; .

SSH - Sea Surface Height - .

SV - Space Vehicle - , .

SVF - Simple Vector Format , . SoftSource Inc. , - . . Netscape Navigator SVF (Plug-in) SoftSource Inc.; , .

SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array - VGA VGA, 1024 * 768 , 256.

SXF - Storage and eXchange Format , , , ( 3.0). , . , , , , .

T - Time - .

TAI - International Atomic Time.

TB - Terabyte - , , . .

TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - / , , . 60- . (DARPA) ARPAnet. TCP/IP UNIX, . TCP/IP . TCP/IP 4 ( - ): , , ; ( IP, ICMP, IGMP), ; (TCP, UDP), - ; . - Telnet, FTP, HTTP, SMTP. TCP/IP IP-, 32 ; , . 255. . ; - . -. IP- , , (Dial-Up IP) SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol - , - ); , PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol - ; SLIP), IP- . IP- 128 , .

TD - Triple-Difference - () , , SD, DD.

TDOP - Time Dilution of Precision - , . . , GDOP, HDOP, HTDOP, PDOP, VDOP.

TIFF - Tagged Image File Format - , . Aldus Corporation. : . (CCITT, LZW, JPEG). . TIFF bitmap: - , . : . , . 6 GeoTIFF.

TIGER - Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System , 1980 . , . , , : , , , , . 1990 . (TIGER/Line Precensus File), 1994 . ( 1 1994 .). TIGER , -, , , .

TIN - Triangulated Irregular Network - , , , , , .

TM - Thematic Mapper - " " (Landsat TM), 30 ( Landsat MSS), . .

TRANET - TRAcking NETwork - TRANSIT.

TRANSIT - NNSS, . .

TRIM - Terrain Resource Information Management , DMDF . . ().

TSSDS - Tri-Service Commission Spatial Data Standard , Tri-Service CADD/GIS 1993 ., . . , . , , , (1 : 24 000) , (1 : 4 800, 1 : 600).

UNIX, Unix - , () . 70 . - PDP-11 DEC. C. OC - . X-Window. Unix TCP/IP UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy Program), . Unix - . Unix ( ) . Unix , . Unix IBM PC- - BSD ( ), Solaris ( SunSoft), UnixWare (Novell), Linux.

URL - Universal Resource Locator - , , , , : http - Web-, ftp - ftp-, news - Usenet () ..

USGIC - United States GPS Industry Council - GPS .

USGS - United States Geological Survey - - .

UT - Universal Time - , ; UT0, , UT1 - UT2 - UT1 .

UTC - Universal Time Coordinated - UT , UTC, 1 , UT1 0,7 ; 30 31 , .

UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator projection - . , , . . 1 60, 180 .. 500 000 . - 0 , 10 000 000 . . - 0,9996 . 80 .. - 84 .. 8. 80 .. C X, O I .

VDOP - Vertical Dilution of Precision - , . , GDOP, HDOP, HTDOP, PDOP, TDOP.

VDU - Visual Display Unit - , .

VGA - Video Graphics Adapter (Array) - 640 * 480 2 16 256.

VICAR - Video Image Communication And Retrieval image processing system CD-ROM ( ), Voyager Magellan, VICAR. VICAR , , , . (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) (Multimission Image Processing Laboratory), NASA ( 3.01). . BSQ, BIL, BIP. , , , 800 * 800 , 8 . : , , , . , .

VPF - Vector Product Format, . VRF , . . 1992 . . . DCW.

VR - Virtual Reality - . .

VRF - Vector Relational Format, . VPF.

VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language - , WWW . HTML, SGML. VRML 2.0 . - , 3D- ( -) VRML. VRML- VRML- . VRML Web- http://www.3dsite.com/, http://www.sdsc.edu/vrml/default.htm.

WAIS - Wide Area Information Server - - ( ).

WAN - Wide Area Network - , () , .

WDB-II - World Data Bank II - 1 : 3 000 000 ( WDB-I 1 : 12 000 000).

WGS-84 - World Geodetic System 1984 - 1984 . GPS, 1988 . WGS-72.

WMF - (Microsoft) Windows MetaFile - MS-Windows Microsoft Windows. MS-Windows. Microsoft Corp. Windows-. Intel little-endian.

WORM - Write Once Read Many - .

WSSR - Weighted Sum of Squared Residual - , . .

WWW - World Wide Web - ,  (. ).

WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get - , .

XGA - eXtended Graphics Array - , 1024 * 768 256 .

Y-code - P-, . GPS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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